- Are colorless and refractive.
- Have octahedral, envelope, shape.
- Size 10-12 μm.
- Normally seen in small amount.
- Pathologically in large quantity may be seen in (severe chronic renal disease, and urinary calculus).
- normally seen after consumption of high calcium, or oxalate rich foods, such as milk, tomatoes, asparagus, and orange, normally the crystals may be seen.
- In dehydration condition, such as, in hot weather where there is high perspiration and only small amount of water is consumed per day.
- Pathologically in large quantity may be seen in (severe chronic renal disease, and urinary calculus).
* Calcium Oxalate dihydrate :
* Calcium Oxalate dihydrate :
- Colorless and refractive.
- Have “coffin lids” 3 to 4 to 6 – sided prism.
- Shape, or fern leaf or star shape.
- Size 13 0- 150μm.
- Seen in urine stasis (obstructive uropathy), or in urinary tract infections.
- Their presence is frequently indicative of bacterial infection by proteus marbles.
